The RADAMBRASIL project extensively mapped the Amazon soils using a combination of soil pit information, aerial photography, and geologic maps. During the project, 1,153 soil pits, distributed basin-wide, were described and sampled by horizon and analyzed for texture and chemical composition.
This data set, which consists of one file in ASCII comma separated format, contains soil profile descriptions for locations throughout Brazilian Amazonia. These data are based on RADAMBRASIL surveys from the Soil Profiles of Amazonia (Source: IPAM, Brazil/WHRC, USA ). See the companion file Soil_Profiles_of_Amazonia.pdf.
A Complementary Soil Profile Database
A more recent complementary database of Brazilian Soil Profiles has been compiled by Cooper et al. (2005). In addition to the RADAM survey volumes covering the Amazon region included in this data set, Cooper et al. have also compiled profiles from all the soil survey volumes of RADAM, EMBRAPA, SUDENE, SUDAM, etc. for all regions of Brazil. The database contains 5,500 soil profiles. However, they only included data for the soil A horizon and the diagnostic B horizon and did not include all of the descriptive information for the profiles that is included in this data set.
Pre-LBA Data Set Collection Initiative
The data in the documented Pre-LBA Data sets were originally published as a set of three CD ROMs (Marengo and Victoria, 1998) but the individual data products are now archived separately. The RADAMBRAZIL soil profile data file provided on the CD ROMs was not useable due to inconsistencies with profile identification and coordinates.
The Pre-LBA data set collection was dedicated to providing information to the LBA research community about existing data that have been collected in Amazonia during the 20 years prior to 1998. The main goal of this activity was to compile and document existing data sets in a consistent manner and make them available prior to the beginning of the LBA experiment.
The data set compilation efforts included satellite imagery, micrometeorological observations, near surface and upper-air atmospheric conditions, surface biophysical and hydrological measurements obtained from 1970s – 1990s in a number of field experiments. Data were collected for several intensive field campaigns, during the rainy and dry seasons, and other periods that vary from short intensive field campaigns to several years worth of observations, measured sometimes with a time resolution of 5 minutes and 1 hour.
Cite this data set as follows:
Negreiros, G.H. de, A.C. Alencar, P. Schlesinger, D.C. Nepstad, and P.A. Lefebvre. 2009. Pre-LBA RADAMBRASIL Project Data. Data set. Available on-line [http://daac.ornl.gov] from Oak Ridge National Laboratory Distributed Active Archive Center, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, U.S.A. doi:10.3334/ORNLDAAC/941
The original CD-ROM citation is as follows:
Marengo, J. A., and R. L. Victoria. 1998. Pre-LBA Data Sets Initiative, 3 vols. [Pre-Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia Data Sets Initiative, 3 vols.]. CD-ROM. Centro de Previsao de Tempo e Estudios Climaticos, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (CPTEC/INPE) [Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Study, National Institute for Space Research], Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Pre-LBA Data Set
Collection Metadata Campaign: RADAMBRASIL Technical_Contact Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE Address Address: Av. Visconde de Niteroi, no. 12 6o. andar City: Rio de Janeiro State_or_Province: 20943-001 Rio de Janeiro Country: Brazil Keywords RADAMBRASIL Texture Nutrients Start_Date: 1973-01-01 Stop_Date: 1986-12-31 Sensor_Name: Laboratory Analyses Source_Name: RADAMBRASIL Books Coverage Southernmost_latitude: 15S Northernmost_latitude: 5N Westernmost_longitude: 75W Easternmost_longitude: 42W Location: SOUTH AMERICA Author Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística - IBGE Address Address: Av. Visconde de Niteroi, no. 12 6o. andar City: Rio de Janeiro State_or_Province: 20943-001 Rio de Janeiro Country: Brazil |
Data_Center Dataset_ID: RADAMBRAZIL PROJECT Data_Center_Contact Last_name: Informacoes First_name: Departamento Middle_name: de Address Address: Av. Visconde de Niteroi, 1246 B 6o. andar City: Rio de Janeiro State_or_Province: 20943-001 Rio de Janeiro Country: Brazil Originating_Center: IBGE Revision_Date: 1995-12-31 Future_Review_Date: 1998-12-31 Constraints Access: Data may not be used for commercial applications. Use: Data may not be used for commercial applications. Data_Set_Quality Medium Contact Information: 1) Source Data Investigator: Gustavo Hees de Negreiros, Ane Alencar 2) Data Preparation Investigators: Peter Schlesinger / Dan Nepstad / Paul Lefebvre Woods Hole Research Center PO Box 296, 149 Woods Hole Rd Woods Hole, MA 02543 |
The soil profile data are provided in a single comma-delimited ASCII file.
| Column Heading | Units/ Format | Original Column Heading (Portuguese) | Comments | Missing Value Codes (See notes below) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Profile_Number | No | Profile Number # | No missing values | |
| RadamBrasil_Source_Volume | Volume | RadamBrasil Source Volume # | -888 | |
| Soil_Profile_Number | No_Perfil | Soil Profile # | -888 | |
| Latitude | decimal degrees | lat_dd | Latitude (Degrees, Minutes, Seconds, Origin (S)) | -999.999 |
| Longitude | decimal degrees | long_dd | Longitude (Degrees, Minutes, Seconds, Origin (W)) | -999.999 |
| Map_Sheet | Reference code and UTM zone | Folha | Map Sheet (Reference code and UTM zone) | Not_available |
| Classification | Classificacao | Classification | No missing values | |
| Parent_Material | Material_Originario | Parent Material | Not_available | |
| Horizon_Symbol | Horizonte | Horizon Symbol | None | |
| Horizon_sample_depth_initial | cm | Inicial | Horizon Depth (Initial and final -- units=cm) | None |
| Horizon_sample_depth_final | cm | Final | None | |
| Coarse_Gravel | % | Calhau | Texture analysis (%, Coarse Gravel, Gravel, Coarse Sand, Fine Sand, Silt, Clay) | -999, -888 |
| Gravel | % | Cascalho | -999, -888, -777 | |
| Coarse_Sand | % | Areia_Grossa | -999, -888, -777, -666 | |
| Fine_Sand | % | Areia_Fina | -999, -888, -777 | |
| Silt | % | Silte | -999, -888, -777 | |
| Clay | % | Argila | -999, -888, -777 | |
| SiO2 | % | SiO2 | H2SO4 analysis (%SiO2, %Al2O3, %Fe2O3) | -999, -888 |
| Al2O3 | % | Al2O3 | -999, -888 | |
| Fe2O3 | % | Fe2O3 | -999, -888 | |
| pH_water_soil_1_1 | ph_H20 | pH, water:soil, 1:1 | -999 | |
| pH_1N_KCl_soil_1_1 | ph_KCl_1n | pH, 1N KCl:soil, 1:1 | -999, -888 | |
| Carbon | % | Carbon | %C, %N, and, %Organic Matter | -999, -888, -777 |
| Nitrogen | % | Nitrogen | -999, -888, -777 | |
| Organic_Matter | % | organic_matter | -999, -888, -777 | |
| Comments | OK__field | Blank cells | ||
Missing Value Notes:
In the investigator provided data file, missing values for numeric fields were represented by several different character codes. These codes were converted to distinct negative numeric values. It was not apparent from the original documentation if there were important distinctions among the missing value codes. Subsequent users may choose to set all numeric missing values to a common code for convenience.
| Investigator provided missing value codes | Converted values | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| “-“ for data values reported as integers | -999 | |
| “-“ for data values reported with decimals | -999.999 | Latitude and Longitude |
| “blank cell” for data values reported as integers | -888 | |
| “blank cell” for data values reported as characters | Not_available | Map_Sheet and Parent_Material |
| “X” for data values reported as integers | -777 | |
| In the column “Areia_Grossa” (Coarse Sand) the character values “T.areia” ( and variations) | -666 | It appears that when column “Areia_Grossa” (Coarse Sand) = “T.areia” then both Calhau(Coarse Gravel) and Cascalho (Gravel) are missing and Areia_Fina, Silte, and Argila (Fine_Sand, Silt, Clay) total to 100%. |
Example Data Records (Soil_Profiles_Amazonia.csv)
| Profile_Number,RadamBrasil_Source_Volume,Soil_Profile_Number,Latitude,Longitude,Map_Sheet
,Classification,Parent_Material, Horizon_Symbol,Horizon_sample_depth_initial,Horizon_sample_depth_final,Coarse_Gravel,Gravel,Coarse_Sand,Fine_Sand,Silt,Clay, SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,pH_water_soil_1_1,pH_1N_KCl_soil_1_1,Carbon,Nitrogen,Organic_Matter,Comments ,,,decimal degrees ,decimal degrees,Reference code and UTM zone,,, ,cm,cm,%,%,%,%,%,%, %,%,%,,,%,%,%, No,Volume,No_Perfil,lat_dd,long_dd,Folha,Classificacao,Material_Originario, Horizonte,Inicial,Final,Calhau,Cascalho,Areia_Grossa,Areia_Fina,Silte,Argila, SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,ph_H20,ph_KCl_1n,Carbon,Nitrogen,organic_matter,OK__field 352,4,1,-2.934166667,-47.89361111,SA23YA,Latossolo Amarelo Distrofico textura argilosa.,Sedimentos argilosos., Ap,0,10,0,13,20,12,21,47,-999,-999,-999,4.2,3.9,0.59,0.06,-888, 352,4,1,-2.934166667,-47.89361111,SA23YA,Latossolo Amarelo Distrofico textura argilosa.,Sedimentos argilosos.,A3,10,25,0,11,17,12,19,52,-999,-999,-999,4.1,3.9,0.41,0.05,-888, 352,4,1,-2.934166667,-47.89361111,SA23YA,Latossolo Amarelo Distrofico textura argilosa.,Sedimentos argilosos.,B1,25,50,0,6,16,14,11,59,-999,-999,-999,4.1,3.9,0.32,0.04,-888, ... 9,5,13,-4.301111111,-49.17277778,Not_available,Latossolo vermelho Amarelo Alico A moderado textura muito argilosa.,Produto da decomposicao de rochas filiticas.,Bwc1,38,77,2,21,15,11,12,62,-888,-888,-888,4.4,4.2,1.19,0.24,-888 9,5,13,-4.301111111,-49.17277778,Not_available,Latossolo vermelho Amarelo Alico A moderado textura muito argilosa.,Produto da decomposicao de rochas filiticas.,Bwc2,77,130,0,30,15,11,12,62,-888,-888,-888,4.3,4.2,0.94,0.17,-888 9,5,13,-4.301111111,-49.17277778,Not_available,Latossolo vermelho Amarelo Alico A moderado textura muito argilosa.,Produto da decomposicao de rochas filiticas.,Bwc3,130,200,5,46,9,6,10,75,-888,-888,-888,4.3,4.2,0.42,0.11,-888 |
RADAMBRASIL Background
In 1970, the RADAMBrasil project started its collection of airborne radar images and photographs over an extensive area of Brasil. The equipment and data collection effort were designed to map sections of the Brazilian territory. An altimeter recorded altitude variations that were registered and used to produce a three-dimensional relief map of the Brazilian areas. Over the 15 year period of 1970 to 1985, the Radambrasil instrumention imaged and photographed each section of the country. With this instrumentation, a team of geographers and cartographers from the University of São Paulo (Sao Paulo, Brazil), led by Prof. Jurandyr Luciano Sanches Ross, compiled a compendium of information showing the diverse physical aspects of Brazilian territory. The final product helped in redefining the existing Brazilian relief maps.
For soil maps and charts of Brazil, please refer to the IBGE Home Page. Current link: http://www.ibge.gov.br/
Cooper, M., Mendes, L.M.S., Silva, W.L.C., and Sparovek, G. 2005. A national soil profile database for Brazil available to international scientists. Soil Science Society of America Journal 69: 649-652. The database is available for free download at http://www.esalq.usp.br/gerd/ (verified 04 Feb 2008).
WHRC (Woods Hole Research Center). 2004. Soil Profiles of Amazonia. Woods Hole, MA, U.S.A. Downloaded July 16, 2009. http://whrc.org/southamerica/LBAData/Amaz_Soil_prof.htm
RABAMBRASIL Sources
Serruya, N. M. et alii: Levantamento Exploratorio de Solos. In: RADAMBRASIL. Folhas SC 19 Rio Branco; geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, vegetacao e uso potencial da terra. Rio de Janeiro, 1976. p.171-274.
Amaral Filho, Z. P. do et alii: Levantamento Exploratorio de Solos, In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Produçao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL, Folha SC 20 - Porto Velho; geologia, geomorfologia, uso potencial da terra. Rio de Janeiro, 1978. p. 252-375
Carvalho, A. L. et alii. Folha SB/SC. 18 - Javari/Contamana - III - Pedologia. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RABAMBRASIL. Rio de Janeiro, 1977. p. 155-272.
Correa, P. R.; Peres, R. N.; Vieira, L. S. Levantamento Exploratorio de solos da Folha SA.22 - Belem. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAM. Rio de Janeiro, 1974. p. III/3-153.
Costa, A. M. R. et alii. Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Exploracao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Folha SA.19 - Ica; geologia, geomorfologia, solos, vegetacao, uso potencial da tera. Rio de Janeiro, 1977. p. 183-254.
Macedo, E. L. da R. et alii. Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL, Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Folha SD.20 - Guapore; geologia, geomorfologia, solos, vegetacao, uso potencial da terra. Rio de Janeiro, 1979. p.165-260.
Oliveira, A. B. et alii. Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL, Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Folha SC.22 - Tocantins, geologia, geomorfologia, pedologia, vegetacao e uso potencial da terra. Rio de Janeiro, 1981. p.249-393.
Peres, R. N.; Serruya, N. M.; Vieira, L. S. Folha NA/NB-22 - Macapa. III - Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL, Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projet RADAM, Rio de Janeiro, 1974. p. III/3-123
Roessing, H. M. et alii. Folha NA.19 - Pico da Neblina. III - Pedologia. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Rio de Janeiro, 1976. p.193-270
Rosatelli, J. S. et alii. Levantamento exploratorio de solos da Folha SB.22 - Araguaia e parte da Folha SC.22 - Tocantins. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAM. Rio de Janeiro, 1974. III/3-129
Serruya, N. M. et alii. Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL. Departamento Nacional de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAMBRASIL. Folha SC.19 - Rio Branco. Rio de Janeiro, 1976. p. 171-274.
Vieira, L. S. Levantamento exploratorio de solos. In: BRASIL, Departamento de Producao Mineral, Projeto RADAM. Folha SC.21 - Tapajos. Rio de Janeiro, 1975. p. 161-285.
This data is available through the Oak Ridge National
Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Archive Center
(DAAC) [http://daac.ornl.gov].
E-mail: uso@daac.ornl.gov
Telephone: +1 (865) 241-3952